Category Archives: resources

Information in optics

Dear reader,

I’ve compiled here, just for you, three old article that I’ve OCRed and revamped a little bit. They are article with a lot of style and insight, that people sometimes cite without ever reading them… mostly because they’re not readily available. That’s the silly situation I wanted to fix.
– Enjoy !

Zernike – Physica IX, no 7 (1942)
Phase Contrast, A New Method for the Microscopic Observation of Transparent Object

Gerchberg and Saxton – Optik Vol. 35, No.2 (1972)
A Practical Algorithm for the Determination of Phase from Image and Diffraction Plane Pictures

Gabor – Progress in Optics Vol. 1 (1951)
Light and information” (still under revision)

Here’s a blissful excerpt from Gabor’s piece :

Light is our most powerful source of information on the physical world. Anthropologists have often emphasized that the privileged position of Man is due as much to his exceptionally perfect eye, as to his large brain. I was much impressed by a remark of Aldous Huxley, that we owe our civilization largely to the fact that vision is an objective sense. An animal with an olfactory sense or with hearing, however well developed, could never have created science. A smell is either good or bad, and even hearing is never entirely neutral; music can convey emotions with an immediateness of which the sober visual arts are incapable. No wonder that the very word “objective” has been appropriated by optics. But on the other hand it is probably the peculiar character of vision which is chiefly responsible for one of the most deep-rooted of scientific prejudices; that the world can be divided into an outer world and into an “objective” observer, who observes “what there is”, without influencing the phenomena in the slightest.

Tukey – Annals of Statistical Mathematics
The future of data analysis” (1961) — still working on it

Zernike – Physica I, pp. 689-704 (1932)
Diffraction theory of the knife-edge test and its improved form“,
translation by Anthony Yen (who went all in by redrawing all the figures !)

gabor_perpetual

A gedankenexperiment by Gabor, to discuss the nature of information contained in light

 

— Thanks to Martin Burkhardt for sharing some of these pieces !

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Les avancées technologiques à surveiller

Dear English-speaking readers :
I wrote a piece in French about upcoming consumer technologies

Je viens de publier un article sur les avancées technologiques à surveiller (sur silicon-valley.fr)

Bien que ces derniers temps la tendance dans la Silicon Valley était plutôt du coté des applications, des API et de réseau sociaux, nous avons très récemment eu droit a un regain de créativité en terme de hardware, et je vous propose ici de faire un petit tour de ce qui fait friser les neurones des ingénieurs du cru.

On s’intéressera essentiellement aux innovations qui sont susceptibles de déboucher sur des produits de consommation, laissant de coté pour le moment d’autres secteurs très actifs comme celui des énergies renouvelables et les biosciences.

suite

La deraisonnable efficacité des mathématiques

Hi peeps !

Dear English-speaking readers :
this post is about a French translation of Hamming’s
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics
You can readily enjoy this text in English language!
C’est un texte que j’affectionne et qui reprend le question thème épistémologique abordé par Eugene Wigner dans “The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences” (dont la traduction par mes soins est en cours)
Voici un extrait du texte :
C’est ainsi qu’il y a des odeurs que les chiens peuvent sentir et que nous ne pouvons sentir, des sons que les chiens peuvent entendre et que nous ne pouvons entendre, et encore des couleurs que nous nous ne pouvons voir et de saveurs dont nous ne pouvons nous délecter.
Des lors pourquoi, compte tenu de la façon dont nos cerveaux sont câblés, la remarque “Peut-être y a-t-il des pensées que nous ne pouvons pas concevoir” vous surprendrait-elle ? L’évolution, jusqu’à présent, pourrait nous avoir empêché de penser suivant certaines directions ; il se pourrait qu’il y ait des pensées impensables.
N’hesitez pas me faire part de vos commentaire, quand aux erreurs de typo éventuelles ou sur des problèmes de style.
Si le coeur vous en dit, vous pouvez faire un tour sur la partie “traduction” du blog pour retrouver d’autres textes  (dans le même esprit, vous trouverez “La relativite du faux” de Isaac Asimov)
Enjoy !
Principia Mathematica (theorem 54)

Pas si efficaces, les mathématiques…. Démonstration en logique formelle de “1+1=2” par Russell.

 

Julia

I’ve discovered a new language for scientific computation : Julia.

A quaternion Julia fractal

Here’s a description :

Scientific computing has traditionally required the highest performance, yet domain experts have largely moved to slower dynamic languages for daily work. We believe there are many good reasons to prefer dynamic languages for these applications, and we do not expect their use to diminish. Fortunately, modern language design and compiler techniques make it possible to mostly eliminate the performance trade-off and provide a single environment productive enough for prototyping and efficient enough for deploying performance-intensive applications. The Julia programming language fills this role: it is a flexible dynamic language, appropriate for scientific and numerical computing, with performance comparable to traditional statically-typed languages.

Among other things, it is very computationally efficient (it beats Matlab and Python by a large margin) and the syntax is very close to Matlab, making the transition very easy. And it is free !

I’ll let you know if I find it to be a viable alternative to commercial solutions…

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Experimenting espresso coffee on American scientists

In the beginning of this year, I brought an espresso machine to my lab, since they only had drip coffee.
Drip coffee is good, and probably enough to keep you alert, but I missed the conviviality of sharing coffee with other people, especially people form other department- I owe to R. Hamming the habit of pollinating one’s mind with ideas from other. Plus, I soon discovered that American researchers don’t “waste” time having lunch with each other, which is pretty sad and, to me, opposed to the idea of research; I remember, back in Paris, how many times new ideas came up by talking about mundane matters to other researchers.

The conclusions of this initiative are available here.

Here’s an excerpt about coffee tasting :

Peet's Coffee tasting

Peet’s Coffee tasting

Enjoy your coffee !

 

(edit Dec 20th 2013) : Here’s a nice article by Matt Goudling on Japanese tradition blended with the art of making coffee : Daibo dreamed of coffee.

Lab resources II- Software coding

Sometimes, I wonder “WWFD?”
Here’s a collection of ideas and resources for scientific programming.

Steps in programming…

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Lab resources I- Optics

Sometimes, when trying something new in optics, it is very hard to know where to begin, and find knowledgeable source. I want to share a small collection of resources that I had found immensely useful.
“Basic Lab Skills” by Steve Cundiff (pdf) is a short must-read for every experimental optician.
“Rule of thumb in Opto-Mechanics” by Katie Schwterz (pdf) is also very good to have a sense of what can be done with an experiment.
refractiveindex.info is a great ressource to know the refractive index of many materials.
The Encyclopedia for Photonics and Laser Technology, maintained by Rudiger Paschotta is an excellent ressource, and very knowledgeable about ultra-fast optics

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FDTD Simulations of interesting optical phenomena

I’ve made a series of FDTD simulations of optical phenomena using Meep.

I did these this during my thesis, to better understand some not-so-intuitive interaction of light and matter.

There are more to come later !

Enjoy!

Finding a job – PhD edition

Ok, so now you’re a PhD, and you’re looking for a job in the industry, because you realized that academia was rotten, and you have no fear of making a step ahead.
You’re looking for a super position, but you will face a lot of incomprehension :

Super AnticsBut no hope is lost !

(edit December ’13) If you live in the Bay Area, and you are interested in doing a job in data science, you might want to enroll Insight, which is a 6-weeks program for postdoc on the topic of data science. There are about 4 sessions a year (the January one is beast suited for foreigners, since they can have interviews immediately after, apply for a H1-B visa right for the April deadline and start working in October). It is a fully paid fellowship, the attached string is that you have to go into interviews with companies that are partners to the program (facebook, LinkedIn, etc.) and you might be required to give a hand once in a while.
Applications deadlines are about 2 months before the sessions.

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Advices for a grad student

So you’re smart and want to start a PhD ? Here are a few considerations and advices that might help you.
I won’t tell you whether it’s worth or not. I loved it, some hated it. Do don’t do it to earn an extra diploma, but because you are truly interested in science. And I mean it !

To begin with, read what people say about PhD and its outcomes
(“Notes On The PhD Degree», “Passing the baton: what I’ve learnt during my PhD»).

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But if you arrived here by chance, and can tell you more about what’s gonna happen next.
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